The program for Romanian language and literature at Baccalaureate 2021 contains the subject that twelfth grade students must learn for the exam.
On the basis of these programs, published by the Ministry of Education, the exam subjects for the Baccalaureate will be built.
The written exam in Romanian Language and Literature will take place on Monday, June 28, 2021.
The Romanian Language and Literature program looks like this:
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Baccalaureate 2021. Subject models for BACI. STATUS OF THE DISCIPLINE
The Romanian language and literature test has an important status in the structure of the baccalaureate exam, evaluating the general and specific skills formed during upper secondary education, as a common test for all
II. COMPETENCES TO BE EVALUATEDBy taking the baccalaureate exam in this discipline, the student will have to prove the following skills acquired in the lower and upper cycle of high school (grades IX - XII), correlated with certain contents covered in the two high school cycles:
1. Correct and appropriate use of the Romanian language in different communication situations1.1. Appropriate use of strategies and rules of oral expression in monologue and dialogue, in order to achieve a correct, efficient and personalized communication, adapted to various communication situations- rules of the monologue (visual contact with the audience; reporting on the reactions of the audience and under examination conditions), monologue building techniques; types of monologue: oral narration/narration, oral description, informative monologue, argumentative monologue, oral expression of reactions and opinions regarding literary and non-literary texts, artistic films and documentaries, theater performances, painting exhibitions, etc.; suitability to the communication situation (audience, context) and to the purpose of communication (information, argumentation/persuasion, etc.)
- rules and techniques for constructing the dialogue (attention given to the partner, taking over/reproducing the word at the right time, dosage of participation in the dialogue, etc.); types: conversation, argumentative discussion, interview (publicistic interview, employment interview); suitability to the communication situation (partner, context, etc.) and to the purpose of communication (information, argumentation/persuasion, etc.); argumentation and counterargument in dialogue
– the functional styles appropriate to the communication situation – the role of verbal, paraverbal and non-verbal elements in oral communication: look, gesture, mimicry, the space between the people communicating, tonality, rhythm of speech, etc.
1.2. Appropriate use of writing techniques and forms of written expression compatible with the communication situation in the elaboration of various texts-general rules in writing (structuring the text, suitability to the writing requirement, stylistic suitability, placement on the page, readability)
–recounting a personal experience, description, storytelling, argumentation, news, advertisements, private and official correspondence; application, minutes, curriculum vitae, letter of intent, letter in electronic format (e-mail)
–expressing reactions and opinions towards literary texts (studied or at first glance) and non-literary, argumentation, summary, character characterization, analysis, commentary, synthesis, parallel, structured essay, free/unstructured essay
– citation norms – literary language norms at the following levels: orthographic and punctuation, morphosyntactic, lexical-semantic, stylistic-textual
1.3. Identifying the peculiarities and stylistic functions of the language in the reception of different types of messages/texts– standard language, literary language, colloquial language, popular language, regional language, archaic language; slang, jargon – expressiveness in common language and poetic language
1.4. Adequate reception of the meaning/meanings of a message transmitted through different types of oral or written texts
–literary texts (prose, poetry, dramaturgy); non-literary texts, – memorialistic, epistolary, journalistic, legal-administrative, scientific, argumentative, audio-visual messages – denotative meaning and connotative meanings – elements that facilitate or disrupt reception: channel, code, context – fiction, imagination, invention; reality, truth - the purpose of communication: information, enjoyment, entertainment, etc. - the reactions of the receiver: reader, listener
1.5. The appropriate use of linguistic acquisitions in the production and reception of various oral and written texts, with the explanation of their role in constructing the message– the components and functions of the act of communication – levels of reception and production of oral and written texts: phonetic, orthographic and punctuation, morphosyntactic, lexical-semantic, stylistic-textual, nonverbal and paraverbal – norms of the literary language at all levels: phonetic , orthoepic, orthographic and punctuation, morphosyntactic, lexical-semantic, stylistic-textual – textual types and their structure: narrative, descriptive, informative, argumentative – journalistic discourse – the role of verbs in the narrative; the role of adjectives in description – the role of addressing, initiating, maintaining and closing verbal contact formulas in monologue and dialogue
2. Appropriate use of comprehension and interpretation strategies, thematic, structural and stylistic analysis methods in the reception of literary and non-literary texts2.1. Identifying the theme and how it is reflected in the studied texts or in texts at first glance– theme, motif/s identified in texts, vision of the world – literary genres: epic, lyrical, dramatic – the way of reflecting an idea or a theme in several literary works, belonging to different genres or eras
2.2. Identification and analysis of the main structural, compositional and language components specific to the narrative text– particularities of the construction of the subject in narrative texts – particularities of the composition in narrative texts: incipit, end, narrative episodes/sequences, narrative techniques – instances of communication in the narrative text – construction of characters; ways of characterizing the character; types of characters – types of narrative perspective – epic species: cult fairy tale, short story, novel – stylistic registers, the language of the characters, the language of the narrator – direct style, indirect style, free indirect style
2.3. Identification and analysis of the main structural and language components specific to the dramatic text- particularities of the construction of the subject in the dramatic text- particularities of the composition of the dramatic text- ways of characterizing the characters- stylistic registers, the language of the characters, the author's notations- dramatic species: comedy- performance chronicle
2.4. Identification and analysis of compositional and language elements in the poetic text- title, incipit, relations of opposition and symmetry, de-recurrence elements: poetic motif, leitmotif, central symbol, poetic idea - suggestion and ambiguity - poetic imaginary, semantic figures (tropes); elements of prosody – epic poetry, lyric poetry – instances of communication in the poetic text
2.5. Comparing visions of the world, the human condition or art reflected in literary, non-literary texts or other arts- vision of the world, themes and motives, conceptions of art, multiple meanings of literary texts - the language of literature, the language of cinematography, the language of painting; the language of music
2.6. Interpreting the texts studied or at first sight through the prism of one's own values and one's own reading experience- critical reading: students evaluate what they have read; creative reading: students extrapolate, look for personal interpretations, referring to their own sensibility, life experience and reading
3. Contextualizing the studied texts by referring to the era or to cultural/literary currents3.1. Identifying and explaining the relationships between literary works and the cultural context in which they appeared– features of cultural/literary currents reflected in the literary texts studied or in texts at first sight
3.2. Building an overview of the Romanian cultural phenomenon, by integrating and relating assimilated knowledge- cultural/literary currents in the 17th-18th centuries: humanism and enlightenment - the modern period: a. 19th century - the beginning of the 20th century (pasoptist period; Junimist criticism)b. cultural/literary currents in the 19th century - the beginning of the 20th century (romanticism, realism, symbolism) c. the interwar period (thematic orientations in the interwar novel, types of novel: psychological and experiential; interwar poetry, thematic, stylistic and visionary diversity; cultural/literary currents in the interwar period: modernism, traditionalism; cultural identity in a European context)
4. Arguing in writing and orally some opinions in various communication situations4.1. Identifying argumentative structures in literary and non-literary texts studied or at first glance– the construction of the argumentative text; the role of connectors in argumentation, structures and argumentative techniques in literary and non-literary, written or oral texts – the logic and coherence of the argumentative message
4.2. Arguing a point of view in relation to an issue under discussion- evaluative verbs, mood/predicative adverbs as marks of evaluative subjectivity, words with an argumentative role, syntactic structures in argumentation - construction of argumentative discourse: specific structures, connectors, argumentative techniques, argumentative essay
4.3. Comparing and evaluating different arguments, for formulating own judgments– interpretations and value judgments expressed in literary criticism and history – structured essay, free essay
SPECIFICATIONS REGARDING THE CONTENTS OF THE PROGRAM
a. LITERATURECanonical authors:• Mihai Eminescu• Ion Creangă• I. L. Caragiale• Ioan Slavici• G. Bacovia• Lucian Blaga• Tudor Arghezi• Ion Barbu• Mihail Sadoveanu• Liviu Rebreanu• Camil Petrescu• G. CălinescuNote. According to the school curriculum in force, the baccalaureate exam does not involve the monographic study of the canonical writers, but the study of at least one text from their work. Literary texts at first glance can belong to both canonical authors and other studied authors.For the written test, students must study in depth at least the minimum number of texts provided in the school curriculum, belonging to canonical or prose narrative authors, Romanian poetry or drama, about which they can write a structured essay, a free essay or an essay argumentative, in which to apply the concepts of history and literary theory (periods, literary/cultural currents, elements of thematic, structural and stylistic analysis) mentioned in this program.
The subject of case studies and debates from school programs, found in the exam syllabus, can be capitalized in the oral and written tests, by requesting the argumentation of some opinions or value judgments on their side.
b. LANGUAGE AND COMMUNICATION The contents below aim at: - the application, in various communication situations, of orthographic, orthoepic, punctuation, morphosyntactic rules and the appropriate use of lexical-semantic units; - the application of language knowledge, including those acquired in secondary school, in expressing correct and in the reception of the texts studied or at first sight.Levels of constituting the message
The phonetic level
- correct/incorrect pronunciations of neologisms; hiatus, diphthong, triphthong; accent- cacophony; hypercorrectness - nuanced pronunciation/reading of statements (tone, pause, intonation)
The lexical-semantic level - lexical variants; semantic fields - semantic errors: pleonasm, tautology, paronymic confusion - derivatives and compounds (prefixes, suffixes, prefixoids, suffixoids), change of grammatical category - semantic relations (polysemy; synonymy, antonymy, homonymy) - the correct meaning of words (especially of neologisms) - phraseological units (locutions and expressions) - semantic fields and their role in the interpretation of written and oral messages - the meaning of words in context; denotative meaning and connotative meaning
The morphosyntactic level - inflectional forms of the parts of speech (plural of nouns, articulation of nouns, case forms; inflectional forms of the verb; adjectives without degrees of comparison; numerals, etc.); expressive values of the parts of speech; linguistic means realizing the subjectivity of the speaker - elements of grammatical agreement (between predicate and subject - logical agreement, agreement by attraction; agreement of the attribute with the determined part of speech) - elements of relationship (prepositions, conjunctions, relative pronominal pronouns/adjectives, relative adverbs)
Orthographic and punctuation level - orthographic and punctuation rules in the composition of the written message (correct spelling of words, capitalization, dividing words into syllables, correct use of spelling and punctuation marks) - the role of orthographic and punctuation marks in understanding written messages
The stylistic-textual level
- stylistic registers (standard, colloquial, specialized, etc.) appropriate to the communication situation - coherence and cohesion in oral and written expression - types of texts and their structure: narrative, descriptive, informative, argumentative - functional styles appropriate to the communication situation - standard language, literary language, colloquial language, popular language, regional language, archaic language; slang, jargon - direct style, indirect style, free indirect style - the role of stylistic figures and artistic procedures in the construction of meaning - the role of archaic and regional elements in the reception of messages
NOTE: The exam program is carried out in accordance with the provisions of the school programs in force for high school education. The subject variants for the national baccalaureate exam assess the skills and content in this syllabus, and the assessment and marking scales provide for the awarding of points for any correct way of solving the requirements.
The program for Romanian language and literature at Baccalaureate 2021 can also be consulted in the attached document.
Download the 2021 Baccalaureate file. What does the Romanian Language and Literature curriculum look like